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Chapter 9 – TW Fault Locator
6
TWFL in Mixed (Hybrid) Lines
6.1
K Factor Calculation – Overhead Section
150
Figure 76 - TW Fault Location example 2
A hybrid transmission line is comprised of two or more different line types. That
matters for the TWFL because the velocity of the fault wave is different in each
section of the line and that shall be taken into account during the fault distance
calculations.
The wave velocity is related to the relative permittivity of the main insulation and
different thicknesses of the semi-conducting layers. Assuming one constant wave
velocity for such a line will result in errors.
In the case of K factor relating to overhead line, without insulating material, it is
considered that the dielectric material insulating the cable is only the air. In this case,
the constant of permeability and permittivity is very close to 1.0.
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